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mm: 人文 人物背景街拍</li><li>50 mm: 人像 毕业照</li><li>85 mm: 人像特写</li><li>长焦 (e.g.200 mm): 人物 建筑 景物的细节</li><li>超长焦: 野生动物 较大的月亮</li></ul><p>**总结: **</p><div class="language-java line-numbers-mode" data-ext="java"><pre class="language-java"><code>风光建筑<span class="token operator">:</span> <span class="token punctuation">(</span>超<span class="token punctuation">)</span>广角<span class="token operator">+</span>长焦
人像<span class="token operator">:</span> <span class="token number">35</span><span class="token operator">+</span><span class="token number">85</span><span class="token operator">+</span><span class="token number">85</span><span class="token operator">+</span><span class="token number">135</span> <span class="token constant">OR</span>大三元
纪实<span class="token operator">:</span> <span class="token number">28</span>，<span class="token number">35</span>
产品静物<span class="token operator">:</span> <span class="token number">10</span>OMacro
体育动物<span class="token operator">:</span> <span class="token number">20</span>O以上
</code></pre><div class="line-numbers" aria-hidden="true"><div class="line-number"></div><div class="line-number"></div><div class="line-number"></div><div class="line-number"></div><div class="line-number"></div></div></div><h4 id="等效焦距" tabindex="-1"><a class="header-anchor" href="#等效焦距" aria-hidden="true">#</a> 等效焦距</h4><p><img src="https://apaiimages.oss-cn-guangzhou.aliyuncs.com/MD/image-20230503211004519.png" alt="image-20230503211004519"></p><h3 id="透视" tabindex="-1"><a class="header-anchor" href="#透视" aria-hidden="true">#</a> 透视</h3><div class="language-java line-numbers-mode" data-ext="java"><pre class="language-java"><code>原理<span class="token operator">:</span> 近大远小
影响的核心因素<span class="token operator">:</span> 距离
效果<span class="token operator">:</span> 建筑拍摄时的“横平竖直<span class="token punctuation">,</span> 画面的冲击力<span class="token punctuation">(</span>透视感<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> 空间的层次关系
</code></pre><div class="line-numbers" aria-hidden="true"><div class="line-number"></div><div class="line-number"></div><div class="line-number"></div></div></div><h4 id="一点透视" tabindex="-1"><a class="header-anchor" href="#一点透视" aria-hidden="true">#</a> 一点透视</h4><p><img src="https://apaiimages.oss-cn-guangzhou.aliyuncs.com/MD/image-20230503211609233.png" alt="image-20230503211609233"></p><h4 id="两点透视" tabindex="-1"><a class="header-anchor" href="#两点透视" aria-hidden="true">#</a> 两点透视</h4><p><img src="https://apaiimages.oss-cn-guangzhou.aliyuncs.com/MD/image-20230503211548695.png" alt="image-20230503211548695"></p><h4 id="三点透视" tabindex="-1"><a class="header-anchor" href="#三点透视" aria-hidden="true">#</a> 三点透视</h4><p><img src="https://apaiimages.oss-cn-guangzhou.aliyuncs.com/MD/image-20230503211737704.png" alt="image-20230503211737704"></p><h4 id="平行投影" tabindex="-1"><a class="header-anchor" href="#平行投影" aria-hidden="true">#</a> 平行投影</h4><p><img src="https://apaiimages.oss-cn-guangzhou.aliyuncs.com/MD/image-20230503212050701.png" alt="image-20230503212050701"></p><h3 id="畸变" tabindex="-1"><a class="header-anchor" href="#畸变" aria-hidden="true">#</a> 畸变</h3><h4 id="畸变的延影响" tabindex="-1"><a class="header-anchor" href="#畸变的延影响" aria-hidden="true">#</a> 畸变的延影响</h4><p><img src="https://apaiimages.oss-cn-guangzhou.aliyuncs.com/MD/image-20230506192056037.png" alt="image-20230506192056037"></p><h4 id="畸变和透视的对比" tabindex="-1"><a class="header-anchor" href="#畸变和透视的对比" aria-hidden="true">#</a> 畸变和透视的对比</h4><p><img src="https://apaiimages.oss-cn-guangzhou.aliyuncs.com/MD/image-20230506192157507.png" alt="image-20230506192157507"></p><h3 id="总结" tabindex="-1"><a class="header-anchor" href="#总结" aria-hidden="true">#</a> 总结</h3><p><img src="https://apaiimages.oss-cn-guangzhou.aliyuncs.com/MD/image-20230506192217321.png" alt="image-20230506192217321"></p><h2 id="曝光-补偿" tabindex="-1"><a class="header-anchor" href="#曝光-补偿" aria-hidden="true">#</a> 曝光 - 补偿</h2><h3 id="感受的判断标准" tabindex="-1"><a class="header-anchor" href="#感受的判断标准" aria-hidden="true">#</a> 感受的判断标准</h3><ul><li>主体元素正确曝光场景的观感还原</li><li>暗部不死黑</li><li>亮部不死白</li></ul><div class="language-java line-numbers-mode" data-ext="java"><pre class="language-java"><code><span class="token number">1.</span> 优先保证人物正确曝光<span class="token punctuation">,</span>天空轻微过曝是可以接受的
</code></pre><div class="line-numbers" aria-hidden="true"><div class="line-number"></div></div></div><p><img src="https://apaiimages.oss-cn-guangzhou.aliyuncs.com/MD/image-20230506193224168.png" alt="image-20230506193224168"></p><p><img src="https://apaiimages.oss-cn-guangzhou.aliyuncs.com/MD/image-20230506193417144.png" alt="image-20230506193417144"></p><h3 id="曝光三要素" tabindex="-1"><a class="header-anchor" href="#曝光三要素" aria-hidden="true">#</a> 曝光三要素</h3><blockquote><p>光圈 - 快门 - 感光度</p></blockquote><h4 id="光圈-f" tabindex="-1"><a class="header-anchor" href="#光圈-f" aria-hidden="true">#</a> 光圈 F</h4><ul><li>光圈为反比关系 F (光圈越大 数值越小 | 光圈越小 数值越大)</li><li>大光圈--&gt;背景虚化 小光圈--&gt;远近都清晰</li></ul><p><img src="https://apaiimages.oss-cn-guangzhou.aliyuncs.com/MD/image-20230506193858615.png" alt="image-20230506193858615"></p><h4 id="快门-s" tabindex="-1"><a class="header-anchor" href="#快门-s" aria-hidden="true">#</a> 快门 S</h4><ul><li>正比关系 时间越长快门的就越慢 - 时间越短快门就越快</li></ul><p><img src="https://apaiimages.oss-cn-guangzhou.aliyuncs.com/MD/image-20230506194325542.png" alt="image-20230506194325542"></p><h4 id="感光度-iso" tabindex="-1"><a class="header-anchor" href="#感光度-iso" aria-hidden="true">#</a> 感光度 ISO</h4><ul><li>提高ISO会提高曝光但是降低画质</li><li>在昏暗的场景提高ISO会比后期在PS里提高要好很多</li></ul><p><img src="https://apaiimages.oss-cn-guangzhou.aliyuncs.com/MD/image-20230506194652517.png" alt="image-20230506194652517"></p><h3 id="曝光互易率" tabindex="-1"><a class="header-anchor" href="#曝光互易率" aria-hidden="true">#</a> 曝光互易率</h3><ul><li>光圈 快门 感光度 的每一档的曝光相同</li><li>简单来说 增加快门的速度画面变暗 可以提高一档感光度 来保持原有的亮度</li></ul><p><img src="https://apaiimages.oss-cn-guangzhou.aliyuncs.com/MD/image-20230506194857463.png" alt="image-20230506194857463"></p><h3 id="曝光补偿" tabindex="-1"><a class="header-anchor" href="#曝光补偿" aria-hidden="true">#</a> 曝光补偿</h3><ul><li>白加黑就 调整画面的最终亮度</li></ul><p><img src="https://apaiimages.oss-cn-guangzhou.aliyuncs.com/MD/image-20230506195827323.png" alt="image-20230506195827323"></p><p><img src="https://apaiimages.oss-cn-guangzhou.aliyuncs.com/MD/image-20230506195916013.png" alt="image-20230506195916013"></p><h3 id="总结-1" tabindex="-1"><a class="header-anchor" href="#总结-1" aria-hidden="true">#</a> 总结</h3><p><img src="https://apaiimages.oss-cn-guangzhou.aliyuncs.com/MD/image-20230506200045958.png" alt="image-20230506200045958"></p><h3 id="曝光组合-模式" tabindex="-1"><a class="header-anchor" href="#曝光组合-模式" aria-hidden="true">#</a> 曝光组合 - 模式</h3><ul><li><p><strong>Auto - 全自动:</strong> 都不可以调整</p></li><li><p><strong>P - 程序曝光 - 半自动:</strong> 只能调节感光度ISO</p></li><li><p><strong>A/AV - 光圈优先:</strong> 只不能调节快门</p></li><li><p><strong>S/TV - 快门优先</strong>: 只不能调节光圈 (适用于抓拍)</p></li><li><p><strong>M - 全手动挡</strong>: 手动调节 (固定场景)</p></li><li><p><strong>B - B门 - 长时间曝光:</strong> 按下快门直至松开才会停止曝光</p></li><li><p><strong>C - 自定义</strong>: 按照设置保存模板</p></li></ul><p><img src="https://apaiimages.oss-cn-guangzhou.aliyuncs.com/MD/image-20230506201423882.png" alt="image-20230506201423882"></p><p><img src="https://apaiimages.oss-cn-guangzhou.aliyuncs.com/MD/image-20230506201223843.png" alt="image-20230506201223843"></p><p><img src="https://apaiimages.oss-cn-guangzhou.aliyuncs.com/MD/image-20230506201926512.png" alt="image-20230506201926512"></p><h2 id="手机原生及模式" tabindex="-1"><a class="header-anchor" href="#手机原生及模式" aria-hidden="true">#</a> 手机原生及模式</h2><h3 id="变焦" tabindex="-1"><a class="header-anchor" href="#变焦" aria-hidden="true">#</a> 变焦</h3><p>光学变焦</p><ul><li>变焦放大时 就是于正常拍摄 不会造成模糊画质下降</li></ul><p>数码变焦</p><ul><li>本质就是在放大时 进行裁切画面 画质严重下降</li></ul><h3 id="模式" tabindex="-1"><a class="header-anchor" href="#模式" aria-hidden="true">#</a> 模式</h3><p><img src="https://apaiimages.oss-cn-guangzhou.aliyuncs.com/MD/image-20230506203101738.png" alt="image-20230506203101738"></p><p><img src="https://apaiimages.oss-cn-guangzhou.aliyuncs.com/MD/image-20230506203026915.png" alt="image-20230506203026915"></p><p><img src="https://apaiimages.oss-cn-guangzhou.aliyuncs.com/MD/image-20230506203126627.png" alt="image-20230506203126627"></p><p><img src="https://apaiimages.oss-cn-guangzhou.aliyuncs.com/MD/image-20230506203141069.png" alt="image-20230506203141069"></p><p><img src="https://apaiimages.oss-cn-guangzhou.aliyuncs.com/MD/image-20230506203204506.png" alt="image-20230506203204506"></p><p><img src="https://apaiimages.oss-cn-guangzhou.aliyuncs.com/MD/image-20230506203252221.png" alt="image-20230506203252221"></p><h3 id="总结-2" tabindex="-1"><a class="header-anchor" href="#总结-2" aria-hidden="true">#</a> 总结</h3><p><img src="https://apaiimages.oss-cn-guangzhou.aliyuncs.com/MD/image-20230506203346701.png" alt="image-20230506203346701"></p><h2 id="对焦" tabindex="-1"><a class="header-anchor" href="#对焦" aria-hidden="true">#</a> 对焦</h2><p><img src="https://apaiimages.oss-cn-guangzhou.aliyuncs.com/MD/image-20230507122400079.png" alt="image-20230507122400079"></p><h3 id="自动对焦" tabindex="-1"><a class="header-anchor" href="#自动对焦" aria-hidden="true">#</a> 自动对焦</h3><blockquote><h6 id="对焦模式" tabindex="-1"><a class="header-anchor" href="#对焦模式" aria-hidden="true">#</a> 对焦模式</h6></blockquote><ul><li><p>ONE SHOT/AF-S:单次自动对焦（静态)</p></li><li><p>Al FOCUS/AF-A:人工智能自动对焦</p></li><li><p>Al SERVO/AF-C:连续伺服自动对焦 (运动)</p></li></ul><h3 id="对焦点" tabindex="-1"><a class="header-anchor" href="#对焦点" aria-hidden="true">#</a> 对焦点</h3><p><img src="https://apaiimages.oss-cn-guangzhou.aliyuncs.com/MD/image-20230507122706706.png" alt="image-20230507122706706"></p><h3 id="对焦区域" tabindex="-1"><a class="header-anchor" href="#对焦区域" aria-hidden="true">#</a> 对焦区域</h3><p><img src="https://apaiimages.oss-cn-guangzhou.aliyuncs.com/MD/image-20230507122538069.png" alt="image-20230507122538069"></p><h3 id="为什么对不上焦" tabindex="-1"><a class="header-anchor" href="#为什么对不上焦" aria-hidden="true">#</a> 为什么对不上焦</h3><div class="language-java line-numbers-mode" data-ext="java"><pre class="language-java"><code> 超过了最近对焦距离
 开启了手动对焦
 对焦和快门分离了
 场景太暗了
 场景没有反差
</code></pre><div class="line-numbers" aria-hidden="true"><div class="line-number"></div><div class="line-number"></div><div class="line-number"></div><div class="line-number"></div><div class="line-number"></div></div></div><h2 id="背景虚化-景深" tabindex="-1"><a class="header-anchor" href="#背景虚化-景深" aria-hidden="true">#</a> 背景虚化 景深</h2><h3 id="四大要点" tabindex="-1"><a class="header-anchor" href="#四大要点" aria-hidden="true">#</a> 四大要点</h3><blockquote><p>达到其一即可</p></blockquote><ul><li>背景离主体远</li><li>相机离主体近</li><li>光圈较大</li><li>焦距较长</li></ul><p><img src="https://apaiimages.oss-cn-guangzhou.aliyuncs.com/MD/image-20230507131014546.png" alt="image-20230507131014546"></p><h3 id="虚实控制" tabindex="-1"><a class="header-anchor" href="#虚实控制" aria-hidden="true">#</a> 虚实控制</h3><blockquote><p>合焦</p></blockquote><p><img src="https://apaiimages.oss-cn-guangzhou.aliyuncs.com/MD/image-20230507131436672.png" alt="image-20230507131436672"></p><h3 id="焦点合成" tabindex="-1"><a class="header-anchor" href="#焦点合成" aria-hidden="true">#</a> 焦点合成</h3><blockquote><p>进行不同位置的聚焦 后期合成一张</p></blockquote><p><img src="https://apaiimages.oss-cn-guangzhou.aliyuncs.com/MD/image-20230507131602159.png" alt="image-20230507131602159"></p><h3 id="为什么画面是虚的" tabindex="-1"><a class="header-anchor" href="#为什么画面是虚的" aria-hidden="true">#</a> 为什么画面是虚的</h3><div class="language-javascript line-numbers-mode" data-ext="js"><pre class="language-javascript"><code>没对上焦
景深太浅<span class="token operator">/</span>对焦位置不对
<span class="token function">快门速度过低</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>运动速度<span class="token operator">/</span>安全快<span class="token operator">/</span>门<span class="token punctuation">)</span>
相机有运动（震动<span class="token operator">/</span>手抖<span class="token punctuation">)</span>
</code></pre><div class="line-numbers" aria-hidden="true"><div class="line-number"></div><div class="line-number"></div><div class="line-number"></div><div class="line-number"></div></div></div><h3 id="总结-3" tabindex="-1"><a class="header-anchor" href="#总结-3" aria-hidden="true">#</a> 总结</h3><p><img src="https://apaiimages.oss-cn-guangzhou.aliyuncs.com/MD/image-20230507164421501.png" alt="image-20230507164421501"></p><h2 id="摄影构图" tabindex="-1"><a class="header-anchor" href="#摄影构图" aria-hidden="true">#</a> 摄影构图</h2><h3 id="构图的核心" tabindex="-1"><a class="header-anchor" href="#构图的核心" aria-hidden="true">#</a> 构图的核心</h3><ul><li>确认画面的主体或主题;</li><li>去掉画面中与主题或主体无关的元素;</li><li>加入突出主题或主体表达的元素并合理摆放;成功传达想表达的内容。</li></ul><h3 id="视觉凝聚" tabindex="-1"><a class="header-anchor" href="#视觉凝聚" aria-hidden="true">#</a> 视觉凝聚</h3><blockquote><p>增加亮点 让画面更加吸引人</p></blockquote><ul><li><p>视觉凝聚:明亮的部分吸引视觉</p></li><li><p>视觉凝聚:鲜艳/对比色的部分吸引视觉</p></li><li><p>视觉凝聚:清晰的地方更吸引视觉</p></li><li><p>视觉凝聚:重复元素</p></li></ul><p><img src="https://apaiimages.oss-cn-guangzhou.aliyuncs.com/MD/image-20230507174838718.png" alt="image-20230507174838718"></p><h3 id="视觉引导" tabindex="-1"><a class="header-anchor" href="#视觉引导" aria-hidden="true">#</a> 视觉引导</h3><ul><li>引导线</li><li>视线</li><li>框架</li></ul><p><img src="https://apaiimages.oss-cn-guangzhou.aliyuncs.com/MD/image-20230507175114609.png" alt="image-20230507175114609"></p><h3 id="构图技巧" tabindex="-1"><a class="header-anchor" href="#构图技巧" aria-hidden="true">#</a> 构图技巧</h3><ul><li>三分法</li><li>居中法</li><li>三角形构图</li><li>前中后景</li></ul><p><img src="https://apaiimages.oss-cn-guangzhou.aliyuncs.com/MD/image-20230507175612864.png" alt="image-20230507175612864"></p><h3 id="总结-4" tabindex="-1"><a class="header-anchor" href="#总结-4" aria-hidden="true">#</a> 总结</h3><p><img src="https://apaiimages.oss-cn-guangzhou.aliyuncs.com/MD/image-20230507180154443.png" alt="image-20230507180154443"></p><h2 id="影调" tabindex="-1"><a class="header-anchor" href="#影调" aria-hidden="true">#</a> 影调</h2><h3 id="画面的阴暗" tabindex="-1"><a class="header-anchor" href="#画面的阴暗" aria-hidden="true">#</a> 画面的阴暗</h3><p><img src="https://apaiimages.oss-cn-guangzhou.aliyuncs.com/MD/image-20230507180514337.png" alt="image-20230507180514337"></p><h3 id="_9-1-种影调" tabindex="-1"><a class="header-anchor" href="#_9-1-种影调" aria-hidden="true">#</a> 9 + 1 种影调</h3><p><img src="https://apaiimages.oss-cn-guangzhou.aliyuncs.com/MD/image-20230507180739785.png" alt="image-20230507180739785"></p><h3 id="直方图" tabindex="-1"><a class="header-anchor" href="#直方图" aria-hidden="true">#</a> 直方图</h3><p><img src="https://apaiimages.oss-cn-guangzhou.aliyuncs.com/MD/image-20230507180940989.png" alt="image-20230507180940989"></p><p><img src="https://apaiimages.oss-cn-guangzhou.aliyuncs.com/MD/image-20230507181155009.png" alt="image-20230507181155009"></p><h3 id="直方图和曝光" tabindex="-1"><a class="header-anchor" href="#直方图和曝光" aria-hidden="true">#</a> 直方图和曝光</h3><p><img src="https://apaiimages.oss-cn-guangzhou.aliyuncs.com/MD/image-20230507181129206.png" alt="image-20230507181129206"></p><h3 id="向右曝光" tabindex="-1"><a class="header-anchor" href="#向右曝光" aria-hidden="true">#</a> 向右曝光</h3><p><img src="https://apaiimages.oss-cn-guangzhou.aliyuncs.com/MD/image-20230507181523217.png" alt="image-20230507181523217"></p><h3 id="总结-5" tabindex="-1"><a class="header-anchor" href="#总结-5" aria-hidden="true">#</a> 总结</h3><p><img src="https://apaiimages.oss-cn-guangzhou.aliyuncs.com/MD/image-20230507181840601.png" alt="image-20230507181840601"></p><p><img src="https://apaiimages.oss-cn-guangzhou.aliyuncs.com/MD/image-20230507181902650.png" alt="image-20230507181902650"></p><h2 id="大光比" tabindex="-1"><a class="header-anchor" href="#大光比" aria-hidden="true">#</a> 大光比</h2><blockquote><p>即: 明暗反差大 最亮和最暗的比值</p></blockquote><p><img src="https://apaiimages.oss-cn-guangzhou.aliyuncs.com/MD/image-20230507183018599.png" alt="image-20230507183018599"></p><p><img src="https://apaiimages.oss-cn-guangzhou.aliyuncs.com/MD/image-20230507183056619.png" alt="image-20230507183056619"></p><h3 id="曝光合成" tabindex="-1"><a class="header-anchor" href="#曝光合成" aria-hidden="true">#</a> 曝光合成</h3><p><img src="https://apaiimages.oss-cn-guangzhou.aliyuncs.com/MD/image-20230507183257668.png" alt="image-20230507183257668"></p><h3 id="总结-6" tabindex="-1"><a class="header-anchor" href="#总结-6" aria-hidden="true">#</a> 总结</h3><p><img src="https://apaiimages.oss-cn-guangzhou.aliyuncs.com/MD/image-20230507184539013.png" alt="image-20230507184539013"></p><h2 id="摄影-光" tabindex="-1"><a class="header-anchor" href="#摄影-光" aria-hidden="true">#</a> 摄影 - 光</h2><h3 id="色温" tabindex="-1"><a class="header-anchor" href="#色温" aria-hidden="true">#</a> 色温</h3><blockquote><p><strong>单位</strong>: 凯尔文 - K</p></blockquote><p><img src="https://apaiimages.oss-cn-guangzhou.aliyuncs.com/MD/image-20230507202411090.png" alt="image-20230507202411090"></p><h3 id="白平衡" tabindex="-1"><a class="header-anchor" href="#白平衡" aria-hidden="true">#</a> 白平衡</h3><p><img src="https://apaiimages.oss-cn-guangzhou.aliyuncs.com/MD/image-20230507202559922.png" alt="image-20230507202559922"></p><h3 id="方向" tabindex="-1"><a class="header-anchor" href="#方向" aria-hidden="true">#</a> 方向</h3><p><img src="https://apaiimages.oss-cn-guangzhou.aliyuncs.com/MD/image-20230507202754800.png" alt="image-20230507202754800"></p><h3 id="自然光拍摄指南" tabindex="-1"><a class="header-anchor" href="#自然光拍摄指南" aria-hidden="true">#</a> 自然光拍摄指南</h3><blockquote><p>一天的光的变化</p></blockquote><p><img src="https://apaiimages.oss-cn-guangzhou.aliyuncs.com/MD/image-20230507203211364.png" alt="image-20230507203211364"></p><h3 id="三点布光" tabindex="-1"><a class="header-anchor" href="#三点布光" aria-hidden="true">#</a> 三点布光</h3><p><img src="https://apaiimages.oss-cn-guangzhou.aliyuncs.com/MD/image-20230507205512829.png" alt="image-20230507205512829"></p><h3 id="伦勃朗布光" tabindex="-1"><a class="header-anchor" href="#伦勃朗布光" aria-hidden="true">#</a> 伦勃朗布光</h3><p><img src="https://apaiimages.oss-cn-guangzhou.aliyuncs.com/MD/image-20230507205644278.png" alt="image-20230507205644278"></p><h3 id="蝴蝶布光" tabindex="-1"><a class="header-anchor" href="#蝴蝶布光" aria-hidden="true">#</a> 蝴蝶布光</h3><p><img src="https://apaiimages.oss-cn-guangzhou.aliyuncs.com/MD/image-20230507205736388.png" alt="image-20230507205736388"></p><h3 id="总结-7" tabindex="-1"><a class="header-anchor" href="#总结-7" aria-hidden="true">#</a> 总结</h3><p><img src="https://apaiimages.oss-cn-guangzhou.aliyuncs.com/MD/image-20230507205805783.png" alt="image-20230507205805783"></p></div></div><footer class="page-meta"><!----><div class="meta-item last-updated"><span class="xicon-container left meta-item-label"><!--[--><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" viewBox="0 0 32 32" class="xicon-icon" style="width:20px;height:20px;font-size:20px;color:inherit;"><path d="M26 4h-4V2h-2v2h-8V2h-2v2H6c-1.1 0-2 .9-2 2v20c0 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